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Mmanụ jojoba mkpụrụ osisi jojoba na-ekpo ọkụ oyi maka ịhịa aka n'ahụ
Isi ihe mejupụtara mmanụ Jojoba eke bụ Palmitic Acid, Erucic Acid, Oleic Acid na Gadoleic Acid. Mmanụ Jojoba nwekwara ọgaranya na vitamin dị ka vitamin E na vitamin B.
Mmiri mmiri osisi wax nke Jojoba Plant bụ ọla edo na agba. Jojoba herbal mmanụ nwere a e ji mara nutty ísì na bụ mmasị mgbakwunye na Personal Care ngwaahịa dị ka creams, etemeete, ncha ntutu, wdg Jojoba herbal ọgwụ mmanụ nwere ike ozugbo etinyere akpụkpọ maka Sunburn, Psoriasis, na otutu. Mmanụ Jojoba dị ọcha na-akwalite uto ntutu kwa.
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Natural Pure Organic Lavender Essential Mmanụ maka nlekọta anụ ahụ aromatherapy
Ụzọ mmịpụta ma ọ bụ nhazi: Steam distilled
Akụkụ mwepu nke distillation: Ifuru
Mmalite nke obodo: China
Ngwa: Difffuse/aromatherapy/ịhịa aka n'ahụ
Ndụ shelf: afọ 3
Ọrụ ahaziri ahazi: akara aha na igbe ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe achọrọ
Asambodo:GMPC/FDA/ISO9001/MSDS/COA
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100% dị ọcha Natural Magnoliae Officmalis Cortex Mmanụ dị mkpa maka nlekọta anụ ahụ
Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ Hou Po na-ekpo ọkụ ozugbo wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ meghe ya na uto miri emi, na-ekpo ọkụ.
Mmekọrịta Hou Po dị na ụwa na metal ọcha ebe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ihe ike iji gbadata Qi na mmiri mmiri. N'ihi àgwà ndị a, a na-eji ya na nkà mmụta ọgwụ ndị China na-ebelata nkwụsịtụ na nchịkọta na tract digestive yana ụkwara na iku ume n'ihi phlegm na-egbochi ngụgụ.
Ndị ọrụ Magnolia bụ osisi na-egbu egbu nke sitere na ugwu na ndagwurugwu Sichuan, Hubei na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke China. A na-ewepụ ogbugbo ogbugbo na-esi ísì ụtọ nke a na-eji na nkà mmụta ọgwụ ọdịnala ndị China site na ị ga, alaka na mgbọrọgwụ anakọtara n'oge Eprel ruo June. ogbugbo ahụ gbara ọkpụrụkpụ, dịkwa larịị, nke mmanụ dị arọ, nwere agba na-acha odo odo n'akụkụ ime nke nwere kristal dị ka sheen.
Ndị na-eme ihe nwere ike ịtụle ijikọta Hou Po na mmanụ Qing Pi dị mkpa dị ka ihe nrịbama dị elu na ngwakọta nke ezubere iji mebie mkpokọta.
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OEM Custom ngwugwu eke Macrocephalae Rhizoma mmanụ
Dị ka onye na-ahụ maka chemotherapeutic na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, a na-etinye 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) n'ọtụtụ ebe maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa etuto ahụ na tract gastrointestinal, isi, olu, obi, na ovary. Na 5-FU bụ ọgwụ mbụ maka ọrịa cancer colorectal na ụlọ ọgwụ. Usoro nke 5-FU bụ igbochi mgbanwe nke uracil nucleic acid n'ime thymine nucleic acid na cell tumor, wee metụta njikọ na nhazi nke DNA na RNA iji nweta mmetụta cytotoxic ya (Afzal et al., 2009; Ducreux et al. al., 2015; Longley et al., 2003). Otú ọ dị, 5-FU na-emepụtakwa afọ ọsịsa na-akpata chemotherapy (CID), otu n'ime mmeghachi omume ọjọọ na-emetụta ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa (Filho et al., 2016). Mmetụta nke afọ ọsịsa na ndị ọrịa a na-emeso ya na 5-FU ruru 50%-80%, nke metụtakwara ọganihu na ịdị irè nke chemotherapy (Iacovelli et al., 2014; Rosenoff et al., 2006). N'ihi ya, ọ dị oke mkpa ịchọta ọgwụgwọ dị irè maka 5-FU induced CID.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ebubata ihe ndị na-abụghị ọgwụ na ọgwụ ọjọọ na ọgwụgwọ ụlọ ọgwụ nke CID. Ntinye aka na-abụghị ọgwụ na-agụnye nri ezi uche dị na ya, na ịgbakwunye nnu, shuga na nri ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikarị ọgwụ ndị dị ka loperamide na octreotide na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa afọ ọsịsa nke CID (Benson et al., 2004). Na mgbakwunye, a na-anabatakwa ethnomedicines iji gwọọ CID na ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche nke ha na mba dị iche iche. Ọgwụ ndị China ọdịnala (TCM) bụ otu ụdị ethnomedicine nke emegoro ihe karịrị afọ 2000 na mba East Asia gụnyere China, Japan na Korea (Qi et al., 2010). TCM na-ekwusi ike na ọgwụ chemotherapeutic ga-akpalite oriri Qi, ụkọ splin, afọ adịghị mma na iru mmiri endophytic, na-ebute arụrụ arụ nke eriri afọ. Na tiori TCM, usoro ọgwụgwọ nke CID kwesịrị ịdabere na mgbakwunye Qi na ịgba ume splin (Wang et al., 1994).
Na akpọnwụ mgbọrọgwụ nkeAtractylodes macrocephalaKoidz. (AM) naPanax ginsengCA Mey. (PG) bụ ọgwụ ahịhịa a na-ahụkarị na TCM nwere otu mmetụta nke ịgbakwụnye Qi na ịgba ume splin (Li et al., 2014). A na-ejikarị AM na PG eme ihe dị ka ụzọ ahịhịa (ụdị kachasị mfe nke ndakọrịta ahịhịa ndị China) yana nsonaazụ nke ịgbakwunye Qi na ịgba ume splin iji gwọọ afọ ọsịsa. Ọmụmaatụ, AM na PG bụ ndị e dekọrọ na oge gboo mgbochi afọ ọsịsa usoro dị ka Shen Ling Bai Zhu San, Si Jun Zi Tang siTaiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang(Ụdị ndị eze egwu, China) na Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang sitere naPi Wei Lun(Ụdị ndị eze Yuan, China) (Fig 1). Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ gara aga akọwo na usoro atọ a nwere ikike ibelata CID (Bai et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2019; Gou et al., 2016). Na mgbakwunye, ọmụmụ anyị gara aga gosiri na Shenzhu Capsule nke nwere naanị AM na PG nwere mmetụta nwere ike na ọgwụgwọ afọ ọsịsa, colitis (ọrịa xiexie), na ọrịa eriri afọ ndị ọzọ (Feng et al., 2018). Agbanyeghị, ọ nweghị ọmụmụ atụlela mmetụta na usoro AM na PG n'ịgwọ CID, ma ọ bụ na njikọta ma ọ bụ naanị ya.
Ugbu a, a na-ewere microbiota gut dị ka ihe nwere ike ime iji ghọta usoro ọgwụgwọ nke TCM (Feng et al., 2019). Ọmụmụ ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ na-egosi na eriri afọ microbiota na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado homeostasis eriri afọ. Microbiota gut dị mma na-enye aka na nchebe nke eriri afọ nke eriri afọ, metabolism, homeostasis na nzaghachi, na nkwụsị nke pathogen (Thursby na Juge, 2017; Pickard et al., 2017). Ọkpụkpụ eriri afọ microbiota na-emebi physiological na dịghịzi ọrụ nke ahụ mmadụ ozugbo ma ọ bụ na-apụtaghị ìhè, na-ebute mmeghachi omume dị ka afọ ọsịsa (Patel et al., 2016; Zhao na Shen, 2010). Nnyocha egosila na 5-FU gbanwere n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama nhazi nke microbiota gut na ụmụ oke afọ ọsịsa (Li et al., 2017). Ya mere, mmetụta nke AM na PM na afọ ọsịsa nke 5-FU nwere ike ịgbachitere site na gut microbiota. Agbanyeghị, ma AM na PG naanị yana njikọta nwere ike igbochi afọ ọsịsa nke 5-FU site n'ịgbanwe microbiota gut ka amabeghị.
Iji nyochaa mmetụta mgbochi afọ ọsịsa na usoro dị n'okpuru AM na PG, anyị na-eji 5-FU mee ka ihe atụ nke afọ ọsịsa na ụmụ oke. N'ebe a, anyị lekwasịrị anya na mmetụta ndị nwere ike ịkpata otu na mkpokọta nchịkwa (AP) nkeAtractylodes macrocephalammanụ dị mkpa (AMO) naPanax ginsengngụkọta saponins (PGS), ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ewepụtara na AM na PG, na afọ ọsịsa, ọrịa eriri afọ na usoro microbial mgbe 5-FU chemotherapy gasịrị.
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100% dị ọcha Eucommiae Foliuml Mmanụ dị mkpa maka nlekọta anụ ahụ
Eucommia ulmoides(EU) (nke a na-akpọkarị "Du Zhong" n'asụsụ Chinese) bụ nke ezinụlọ Eucommiaceae, ụdị nke obere osisi nke Central China [1]. A na-akọ ahịhịa a na China n'ọtụtụ buru ibu n'ihi mkpa ọgwụ ya dị. Ihe dị ka ogige 112 e kewapụrụ na EU nke gụnyere lignans, iridoids, phenolics, steroids, na ogige ndị ọzọ. Mgbakwunye herbs usoro nke a osisi (dị ka ụtọ tii) egosila ụfọdụ ọgwụ Njirimara. Akwụkwọ nke EU nwere ọrụ dị elu metụtara cortex, ifuru, na mkpụrụ osisi.2,3]. A kọwapụtara akwụkwọ nke EU na-eme ka ike ọkpụkpụ dịkwuo ike na akwara ahụ [4], si otú a na-eduga ogologo ndụ na ịkwalite ọmụmụ na ụmụ mmadụ [5]. A kọrọ na usoro tii na-atọ ụtọ nke sitere na akwụkwọ EU na-ebelata abụba ma kwalite metabolism ike. A kọwo ogige Flavonoid (dị ka rutin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid na caffeic acid) na-egosipụta ọrụ antioxidants na akwụkwọ EU.6].
Agbanyeghị na enwere akwụkwọ zuru oke gbasara akụrụngwa phytochemical nke EU, ọmụmụ ole na ole ka enwere na akụrụngwa ọgwụ nke ogige dị iche iche ewepụtara na ogbugbo, mkpụrụ, ị ga na akwụkwọ EU. Akwụkwọ ntụleghachi a ga-akọwapụta nkọwa zuru ezu gbasara ogige dị iche iche ewepụtara na akụkụ dị iche iche (ụgbụgbọ, mkpụrụ osisi, stem na akwukwo) nke EU na atụmanya ojiji nke ogige ndị a na akụrụngwa na-akwalite ahụike yana ahịrị ndị sayensị wee si otú a nye akwụkwọ ntụaka. maka ngwa EU.
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Mmanụ dị ọcha Houttuynia cordata mmanụ Houttuynia Cordata Mmanụ Lchthammolum Mmanụ
N'ọtụtụ mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, 70-95% nke ndị bi na-adabere na ọgwụ ọdịnala maka nlekọta ahụike bụ isi na n'ime 85% ndị a na-eji osisi ma ọ bụ ihe ha amịpụtara dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ.1] Achọ maka ogige ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ ndụ sitere na osisi na-adaberekarị na agbụrụ agbụrụ na ozi ndị mmadụ enwetara site n'aka ndị ọkachamara n'ógbè ahụ ma a ka na-ewere ya dị ka ebe dị mkpa maka nchọpụta ọgwụ. N'India, ihe dị ka ọgwụ 2000 sitere na osisi.2] N'ihi mmasị zuru ebe nile na-eji ọgwụ osisi, ugbu a nyochaa onHouttuynia cordataThunb. na-enye ozi ọhụrụ na-ezo aka na botanical, azụmahịa, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical na pharmacological ọmụmụ na-egosi na akwụkwọ.H. cordataThunb. bụ nke ezinụlọSaururaceaema a na-akpọkarị ọdụ ngwere ndị China. Ọ bụ ahịhịa na-adịgide adịgide nke nwere rhizome stoloniferous nwere chemotypes abụọ dị iche iche.3,4] A na-ahụ ụdị chemotype nke China nke dị n'ọhịa na ọkara ọhịa na North-East India site na April ruo September.5,6,7]H. cordatadị na India, ọkachasị na Ndagwurugwu Brahmaputra nke Assam ma agbụrụ Assam dị iche iche na-eji ya n'ụdị inine yana n'ụdị ọgwụ dị iche iche na omenala.
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100% PureArctium lappa mmanụ emeputa - Natural Lime Arctium lappa mmanụ nwere Asambodo Nkwenye Ogo
Uru ahụike
A na-erikarị mgbọrọgwụ burdock, ma, a pụkwara ịmịchaa ma tinye n'ime tii. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma dị ka isi iyi nke inulin, aprebioticeriri nke na-enyere aka mgbari nri ma na-eme ka ahụ ike eriri afọ dịkwuo mma. Na mgbakwunye, mgbọrọgwụ a nwere flavonoids (ihe ọkụkụ na-edozi ahụ),phytochemicals, na antioxidants ndị a maara na ha nwere uru ahụike.
Na mgbakwunye, mgbọrọgwụ burdock nwere ike inye uru ndị ọzọ dị ka:
Belata Mbufụt Na-adịghị Ala Ala Mgbọrọgwụ Burdock nwere ọtụtụ antioxidants, dị ka quercetin, phenolic acid na luteolin, nke nwere ike inye aka chebe mkpụrụ ndụ gị pụọ na ya.free radicals. Ndị a antioxidants na-enyere aka ibelata mbufụt ke ofụri idem.
Ihe ize ndụ ahụike
A na-ewere mgbọrọgwụ burdock dị mma iri ma ọ bụ ṅụọ dị ka tii. Otú ọ dị, osisi a yiri osisi belladonna nightshade, nke na-egbu egbu. A na-atụ aro ka ịzụta mgbọrọgwụ burdock sitere n'aka ndị na-ere ahịa tụkwasịrị obi na ịghara ịnakọta ya n'onwe gị. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ntakịrị ozi gbasara mmetụta ya na ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ime. Gwa dọkịta gị tupu iji mgbọrọgwụ burdock na ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ị dị ime.
Nke a bụ ụfọdụ ihe ize ndụ ahụike ndị ọzọ ị ga-atụle ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji mgbọrọgwụ burdock:
Mmụba akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ
Mgbọrọgwụ Burdock na-arụ ọrụ dị ka diuretic eke, nke nwere ike ibute akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-aṅụ ọgwụ mmiri ma ọ bụ diuretics ndị ọzọ, ị gaghị ewere mgbọrọgwụ burdock. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-aṅụ ọgwụ ndị a, ọ dị mkpa ka ị mara ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, herbs, na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịkpata akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ.
Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ
Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmetụta nfụkasị ahụ ma ọ bụ nwee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmeghachi omume nfụkasị na daisies, ragweed, ma ọ bụ chrysanthemums, ị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu maka mmeghachi omume nfụkasị na mgbọrọgwụ burdock.
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Ọnụ ego buru ibu 100% dị ọcha AsariRadix et Rhizoma mmanụ ezumike Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Ọmụmụ anụmanụ na in vitro enyochala mmetụta antifungal, mgbochi mkpali na obi nke sassafras na akụkụ ya nwere ike. Otú ọ dị, ule ụlọ ọgwụ adịghị, na sassafras adịghị ewere dị mma maka ojiji. Safrole, bụ isi ihe mejupụtara ogbugbo na mmanụ sassafras, ka ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amachibidoro ya, gụnyere maka ojiji dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ma ọ bụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, na e kwesịghị iji ya mee ihe n'ime ma ọ bụ n'èzí, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịbụ carcinogenic. Ejirila Safrole na mmepụta iwu na-akwadoghị nke 3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), nke a na-akpọkwa aha okporo ụzọ "ecstasy" ma ọ bụ "Molly," na ndị nchịkwa US Drug Enforcement na-enyocha ire safrole na mmanụ sassafras.
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Ọnụ ego buru ibu 100% Ọcha Stellariae Radix mmanụ dị mkpa (ọhụrụ) Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Ndị China Pharmacopoeia (mbipụta 2020) chọrọ ka mpụta methanol nke YCH ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 20.0%2], na-enweghị ihe ngosi nleba anya ọzọ akọwapụtara. Nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ a na-egosi na ọdịnaya nke methanol extracts nke anụ ọhịa na ihe ndị a zụlitere na-ezute ụkpụrụ pharmacopoeia, ọ dịghịkwa nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha. Ya mere, ọnweghị ọdịiche dị mma pụtara ìhè n'etiti ụdị anụ ọhịa na nke akọpụtara, dịka ndeksi ahụ siri dị. Agbanyeghị, ọdịnaya nke mkpokọta sterols yana mkpokọta flavonoids dị n'ime ihe atụ ọhịa dị elu nke ukwuu karịa ndị a kụrụ n'omume. Nyocha metabolomic ndị ọzọ gosipụtara ọtụtụ metabolite dị iche iche n'etiti ihe atụ anụ ọhịa na nke akọpụtara. Na mgbakwunye, a na-enyocha metabolites 97 dị iche iche, nke edepụtara na mpagharaTebụl mgbakwunye S2. N'ime metabolites ndị a dị iche iche bụ β-sitosterol (ID bụ M397T42) na quercetin derivatives (M447T204_2), bụ ndị akọworo na ha bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ. Ihe mejupụtara nke a na-akọbughị na mbụ, dị ka trigonelline (M138T291_2), betaine (M118T277_2), fustin (M269T36), rotenone (M241T189), arctiin (M557T165) na loganic acid (M399T284_2) gụnyere meta ihe dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na mgbochi ọxịdashọn, mgbochi mkpali, scavenging free radicals, mgbochi cancer na ọgwụgwọ atherosclerosis na, ya mere, nwere ike ịbụ putative novel arụ ọrụ components na YCH. Ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-ekpebi ịdị mma na ịdị mma nke ihe ọgwụ [7]. Na nchịkọta, methanol wepụ dị ka naanị YCH mma nlebanya index nwere ụfọdụ adịghị ike, na a kapịrị ọnụ àgwà akara mkpa ka a ga-nyochaa. E nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ngụkọta sterols, ngụkọta flavonoids na ọdịnaya nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche metabolites n'etiti ọhịa na akọ YCH; ya mere, enwere ike inwe ọdịiche dị mma n'etiti ha. N'otu oge ahụ, ihe ndị achọpụtara ọhụrụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na YCH nwere ike ịnwe uru ntụaka dị mkpa maka ọmụmụ ihe ndabere ọrụ nke YCH yana n'ihu mmepe nke akụrụngwa YCH.
Ọ dịla anya a ghọtara mkpa ọ dị ezigbo ọgwụ ọgwụ na mpaghara a kapịrị ọnụ maka imepụta ọgwụ ahịhịa ndị China dị mma nke ukwuu.8]. Ịdị mma dị elu bụ àgwà dị mkpa nke ezigbo ọgwụ ọgwụ, na ebe obibi bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta àgwà nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ. Kemgbe malitere iji YCH mee ọgwụ, ọ dịla anya YCH anụ ọhịa na-achị ya. N'ịgbaso iwebata na ime ụlọ nke YCH gara nke ọma na Ningxia na 1980s, isi iyi ọgwụ Yinchaihu ji nwayọọ nwayọọ si n'ọhịa gaa n'ubi YCH. Dịka nyocha gara aga na isi mmalite YCH [9] na nyocha nke ubi nke otu nyocha anyị, enwere ọdịiche dị ukwuu na mpaghara nkesa nke ihe ọkụkụ na anụ ọhịa. A na-ekesa anụ ọhịa YCH na mpaghara Ningxia Hui kwụụrụ onwe nke mpaghara Shaanxi, n'akụkụ mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ nke Inner Mongolia na etiti Ningxia. Karịsịa, ọzara steppe na mpaghara ndị a bụ ebe obibi kacha mma maka uto YCH. N'ụzọ dị iche, a na-ekesa YCH a kụrụ n'ubi n'ebe ndịda nke mpaghara nkesa ọhịa, dị ka Tongxin County (Cultivated I) na gburugburu ya, bụ nke ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ọkụkụ na mmepụta ihe na China, na Pengyang County (Cultivated II) , nke dị na mpaghara ndịda karịa ma bụrụ mpaghara ọzọ na-emepụta maka YCH. Ọzọkwa, ebe obibi nke ebe abụọ a akọ n'elu abụghị ọzara steppe. Ya mere, na mgbakwunye na ụdị mmepụta, e nwekwara nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ebe obibi nke anụ ọhịa na-akọ YCH. Ebe obibi bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta ogo nke ọgwụ ọgwụ. Ebe obibi dị iche iche ga-emetụta nguzobe na nchịkọta nke metabolites nke abụọ na osisi, si otú ahụ na-emetụta ogo ngwaahịa ọgwụ.10,11]. Ya mere, nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ọdịnaya nke mkpokọta flavonoids na ngụkọta sterols na nkwupụta nke metabolites 53 anyị hụrụ na ọmụmụ a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi njikwa ubi na ọdịiche ebe obibi.Otu n'ime ụzọ bụ isi na gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetụta àgwà nke ọgwụ bụ site n'itinye nrụgide na osisi ndị na-emepụta ihe. Nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-agafeghị oke na-akpalite mkpokọta metabolites nke abụọ.12,13]. Echiche nguzozi nke uto / dị iche iche na-ekwu na, mgbe nri na-ezuru oke, ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto, ebe mgbe nri na-esighị ike, osisi na-ekewa ma na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ metabolites.14]. Nchegbu nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke ụkọ mmiri na-akpata bụ isi nhụsianya gburugburu ebe obibi nke osisi na mpaghara ala kpọrọ nkụ chere ihu. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, ọnọdụ mmiri nke YCH a na-akọ na-aba ụba, na-enwe oke mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ karịa nke anụ ọhịa YCH (mmiri maka Cultivated m bụ ihe dị ka ugboro 2 nke anụ ọhịa; Cultivated II bụ ihe dịka 3.5 ugboro karịa nke anụ ọhịa). ). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ala dị n'ime ọhịa bụ ájá ájá, ma ala dị n'ala ubi bụ ala ụrọ. E jiri ya tụnyere ụrọ, ala aja nwere ikike ijide mmiri na-adịghị mma ma yikwara ka ọ ga-akawanye njọ nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo. N'otu oge ahụ, usoro ihe ọkụkụ na-esonyere ya na mmiri, n'ihi ya, ogo nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo dị ala. Anụ ọhịa YCH na-eto n'ime ebe obibi kpọrọ nkụ siri ike, ya mere ọ nwere ike inwe nrụgide siri ike nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.Osmoregulation bụ usoro dị mkpa physiological nke osisi na-anagide nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, na alkaloids bụ ndị na-achịkwa osmotic dị mkpa na osisi dị elu.15]. Betaines bụ ogige alkaloid quaternary ammonium nwere ike ime ka osmoprotectants. Nchegbu ọkọchị nwere ike ibelata ikike osmotic nke mkpụrụ ndụ, ebe ndị osmoprotectants na-echekwa ma na-edobe nhazi na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke macromolecules dị ndụ, ma belata nke ọma mmebi nke nrụgide ụkọ mmiri na-akpata na osisi.16]. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'okpuru nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ọdịnaya betain nke sugar beet na Lycium barbarum mụbara nke ukwuu.17,18]. Trigonelline bụ onye na-achịkwa uto mkpụrụ ndụ, na n'okpuru nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ọ nwere ike ịgbatị ogologo oge nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, na-egbochi uto cell ma na-eduga na mbelata nke cell. Mmụba dị elu na ntinye uche solute na cell na-enyere osisi ahụ aka iru ụkpụrụ osmotic ma kwalite ikike ya iguzogide nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.19]. JIA X [20] chọpụtara na, na mmụba nke nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, Astragalus membranaceus (isi iyi nke nkà mmụta ọgwụ ndị China) na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ trigonelline, bụ nke na-eme ka ọ na-achịkwa ikike osmotic na imeziwanye ikike iguzogide nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo. E gosikwara na Flavonoids na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'iguzogide ihe ọkụkụ na-egbochi nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo [21,22]. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ ekwenyela na nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-agafeghị oke na-enyere aka nchịkọta flavonoids. Lang Duo-Yong et al. [23] tụnyere mmetụta nke nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na YCH site n'ịchịkwa ike ijide mmiri n'ọhịa. Achọpụtara na nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-egbochi uto nke mgbọrọgwụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ma na oke nrụgide na oke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo (40% ikike ijide mmiri), mkpokọta flavonoid dị na YCH mụbara. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, n'okpuru nrụgide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, phytosterols nwere ike ime ihe iji na-edozi mmiri na mmiri nke cell membranes, na-egbochi mmiri na-efunahụ ma melite nguzogide nrụgide.24,25]. Ya mere, mmụba nke mkpokọta flavonoids, ngụkọta sterols, betaine, trigonelline na metabolites ndị ọzọ na-eme n'ime ọhịa YCH nwere ike jikọta ya na nrụgide oké ọkọchị siri ike.N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, a na-eme nyocha ịba ụba nke ụzọ KEGG na metabolites ndị achọpụtara na ha dị nnọọ iche n'etiti anụ ọhịa na YCH a kụrụ. Metabolites bara ụba gụnyere ndị na-etinye aka na ụzọ nke ascorbate na aldarate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, histidine metabolism na beta-alanine metabolism. Ụzọ ndị a metabolic nwere njikọ chiri anya na usoro nguzogide nrụgide osisi. N'ime ha, ascorbate metabolism na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepụta antioxidant osisi, carbon na nitrogen metabolism, nrụgide nrụgide na ọrụ ndị ọzọ physiological [26]; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis bụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka ịmepụta protein.27,28], nke na-etinye aka na njikọ nke protein na-eguzogide nrụgide. Ma ụzọ histidine na β-alanine nwere ike ịkwalite nnabata ihe ọkụkụ na nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi.29,30]. Nke a na-egosikwa na ọdịiche dị na metabolites dị n'etiti anụ ọhịa na YCH azụlitere nwere njikọ chiri anya na usoro nke nguzogide nrụgide.Ala bụ ihe ndabere maka uto na mmepe nke osisi ọgwụ. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) na potassium (K) dị n'ime ala bụ ihe dị mkpa na-edozi ahụ maka uto na mmepe nke osisi. Ihe ndị dị n'ime ala nwekwara N, P, K, Zn, Ca, mg na ihe ndị ọzọ na-achọpụta ihe achọrọ maka osisi ọgwụ. Ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-adịghị mma, ga-emetụta uto na mmepe na àgwà nke ọgwụ, na osisi dị iche iche nwere ihe oriri dị iche iche chọrọ [31,32,33]. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nrụgide N dị ala kwalitere njikọ nke alkaloids na Isatis indigotica, ma bara uru maka nchịkọta flavonoids na osisi dịka Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge na Dichondra repens Forst. N'ụzọ dị iche, nke ukwuu N na-egbochi mkpokọta flavonoids n'ụdị dị ka Erigeron breviscapus, Abrus cantoniensis na Ginkgo biloba, ma metụta àgwà nke ọgwụ.34]. Ngwa nke fatịlaịza P dị irè n'ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke glycyrrhizic acid na dihydroacetone na licorice Ural.35]. Mgbe ego ngwa ahụ gafere 0·12 kg·m−2, mkpokọta flavonoid dị na Tussilago farfara belatara [36]. Ngwa nke fatịlaịza P nwere mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ọdịnaya nke polysaccharides na ọgwụ ọdịnala Chinese rhizoma polygonati [37ma fatịlaịza K dị irè n'ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke saponins.38]. Itinye 450 kg · hm−2 K fatịlaịza bụ ihe kacha mma maka uto na saponin mkpokọta Panax notoginseng dị afọ abụọ.39]. N'okpuru nha nke N: P: K = 2: 2: 1, mkpokọta hydrothermal wepụ, harpagide na harpagoside bụ ndị kachasị elu.40]. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke N, P na K bara uru iji kwalite uto nke cablin Pogostemon na ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Oke dị ala nke N, P na K mụbara ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị bụ isi dị irè nke Pogostemon cablin stem leaf mmanụ.41]. YCH bụ osisi na-adịghị anabata ala, ọ nwekwara ike ịnwe ihe ndị a chọrọ maka nri ndị dị ka N, P na K. N'ọmụmụ ihe a, ma e jiri ya tụnyere YCH a kụrụ, ala nke osisi YCH ọhịa dị ntakịrị: ihe dị n'ime ala. nke organic okwu, ngụkọta N, ngụkọta P na ngụkọta K bụ ihe dị ka 1/10, 1/2, 1/3 na 1/3 nke akọ osisi, n'otu n'otu. Ya mere, ndịiche dị na nri ala nwere ike bụrụ ihe ọzọ kpatara ọdịiche dị n'etiti metabolites achọpụtara na YCH nke a kụrụ na nke ọhịa. Weibao Ma et al. [42] chọpụtara na itinye ụfọdụ ego fatịlaịza N na fatịlaịza P mere ka mkpụrụ na ịdị mma nke mkpụrụ dị mma. Otú ọ dị, mmetụta nke ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ na àgwà YCH abụghị ihe doro anya, na usoro fatịlaịza iji melite ogo nke ọgwụ na-achọkwu ọmụmụ ihe.Ọgwụ ogwu ndị China nwere njirimara nke "Ebe obibi mara mma na-akwalite mkpụrụ, ebe obibi na-adịghị mma na-eme ka mma dị mma" [43]. N'ime usoro iji nwayọọ nwayọọ si n'ọhịa na-azụlite YCH, ebe obibi nke ihe ọkụkụ gbanwere site na ọzara kpọrọ nkụ na nke na-adịghị ahụkebe gaa n'ala ubi na-eme nri nke nwere mmiri buru ibu. Ebe obibi nke YCH a na-akọ dị elu ma mkpụrụ ya dị elu, nke na-enye aka iji gboo mkpa ahịa. Otú ọ dị, ebe obibi a dị elu mere ka mgbanwe dị ukwuu na metabolites nke YCH; ma nke a dị mma iji melite ogo YCH na otu esi enweta mmepụta dị elu nke YCH site na usoro ihe ọkụkụ nke dabeere na sayensị ga-achọ nyocha ọzọ.Ịzụlite ebe obibi simulative bụ usoro ịmegharị ebe obibi na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke osisi ọgwụ ọhịa, dabere na ihe ọmụma nke mmegharị ogologo oge nke osisi ahụ na nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi.43]. Site n'ịmepụta ihe dị iche iche gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-emetụta osisi ọhịa, karịsịa ebe obibi mbụ nke osisi a na-eji dị ka isi mmalite nke ọgwụ ọgwụ, usoro a na-eji nkà mmụta sayensị na ntinye aka mmadụ ọhụrụ iji dozie uto na metabolism nke abụọ nke osisi ọgwụ ndị China.43]. Ụzọ ndị a na-achọ iji nweta nhazi kachasị mma maka ịmepụta ihe ọgwụ dị elu. Ịzụlite ebe obibi simulative kwesịrị inye ụzọ dị irè maka mmepụta dị elu nke YCH ọbụlagodi mgbe ndabere ọgwụ ọgwụ, akara mma na usoro nzaghachi maka ihe gburugburu ebe obibi na-edoghị anya. N'ihi ya, anyị na-atụ aro na a ga-eme usoro sayensị na usoro nlekọta ubi n'ịkọpụta na mmepụta nke YCH site na njirimara gburugburu ebe obibi nke anụ ọhịa YCH, dịka ọnọdụ ala kpọrọ nkụ, nke na-adịghị na ájá. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-atụkwa anya na ndị na-eme nchọpụta ga-eme nchọpụta miri emi karị na ndabere ihe eji arụ ọrụ na akara ngosi nke YCH. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị a nwere ike ịnye njirisi nyocha nke ọma maka YCH, ma kwalite mmepụta dị elu na mmepe mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. -
Herbal Fructus Amomi mmanụ ịhịa aka n'ahụ eke Diffusers 1kg nnukwu Amomum villosum mmanụ dị mkpa
Ezinụlọ Zingiberaceae adọtala mmasị na-abawanye na nyocha nke allelopathic n'ihi mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke ụdị ndị otu ya. Nnyocha gara aga egosila na kemịkalụ sitere na Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] na Zingiber officinale Rosc. [42Ezinụlọ ginger nwere mmetụta allelopathic na mpụta mkpụrụ na uto mkpụrụ nke ọka, letus na tomato. Ọmụmụ ihe anyị ugbu a bụ akụkọ mbụ banyere ọrụ allelopathic nke volatiles sitere na ị ga, akwụkwọ, na mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto nke A. villosum (onye òtù Zingiberaceae). Mkpụrụ mmanụ nke ịhịa aka, akwụkwọ, na mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto bụ 0.15%, 0.40% na 0.50%, n'otu n'otu, na-egosi na mkpụrụ osisi na-emepụta nnukwu mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe karịa ị ga na akwụkwọ. Akụkụ bụ isi nke mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe sitere na ị ga bụ β-pinene, β-phelandrene na α-pinene, nke bụ ụkpụrụ yiri nke nnukwu kemịkalụ nke mmanụ akwụkwọ, β-pinene na α-pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons). N'aka nke ọzọ, mmanụ dị na mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto bara ụba na bornyl acetate na camphor (oxygenated monoterpenes). Ihe nchoputa nke Do N Dai kwadoro nsonaazụ ya [30,32] na Hui Ao [31] bụ onye chọpụtara mmanụ sitere n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke A. villosum.
Enweela ọtụtụ akụkọ gbasara ọrụ mgbochi ihe ọkụkụ nke nnukwu ogige ndị a na ụdị ndị ọzọ. Shalinder Kaur chọpụtara na α-pinene sitere na eucalyptus kpuchiri ogologo mgbọrọgwụ na ogologo oge nke Amaranthus viridis L. na ntinye uche 1.0 μL.43], na nnyocha ọzọ gosiri na α-pinene gbochiri mmalite mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ na-akpata oxidative mmebi na mgbọrọgwụ anụ ahụ site na ụba ọgbọ nke reactive oxygen ụdị [44]. Ụfọdụ akụkọ ekwuola na β-pinene gbochiri germination na mkpụrụ osisi nke ahịhịa nwale na nzaghachi dabere na dose site na imebi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke akpụkpọ ahụ.45], na-agbanwe biochemistry osisi na ịkwalite ọrụ nke peroxidases na polyphenol oxidases.46]. β-Phellandrene gosipụtara mgbochi kachasị na germination na uto nke Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp na ntinye nke 600 ppm.47], ebe, na ntinye nke 250 mg / m3, camphor kwụsịrị radicle na agbapụ nke Lepidium sativum L.48]. Agbanyeghị, nyocha na-ekwupụta mmetụta allelopathic nke bornyl acetate pere mpe. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe anyị, mmetụta allelopathic nke β-pinene, bornyl acetate na camphor na ogologo mgbọrọgwụ adịghị ike karịa maka mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe ma e wezụga α-pinene, ebe mmanụ akwukwo, nke bara ụba na α-pinene, dịkwa phytotoxic karịa nke na-agbanwe agbanwe. mmanụ sitere na ị ga na mkpụrụ nke A. villosum, ma nchoputa na-egosi na α-pinene nwere ike dị mkpa kemịkalụ maka allelopathy site ụdị a. N'otu oge ahụ, nsonaazụ ahụ pụtakwara na ụfọdụ ogige dị na mmanụ mkpụrụ osisi na-adịghị abawanye nwere ike itinye aka na mmepụta nke mmetụta phytotoxic, nchọpụta nke chọrọ nyocha ọzọ n'ọdịnihu.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, mmetụta allelopathic nke allelochemicals bụ ụdị-kpọmkwem. Jiang et al. chọpụtara na mmanụ dị mkpa nke Artemisia sieversiana mepụtara nwere mmetụta dị ike karịa na Amaranthus retroflexus L. karịa na Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., na Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. N'ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ, mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke Lavandula angustifolia Mill. mepụtara ogo phytotoxic dị iche iche na ụdị osisi dị iche iche. Lolium multiflorum. bụ ụdị ndị nabatara nke ọma, hypocotyl na radicle na-egbochi 87.8% na 76.7%, n'otu n'otu, na mmanụ 1 μL / ml, mana emetụtaghị uto hypocotyl nke kukumba.20]. Nsonaazụ anyị gosikwara na e nwere ọdịiche dị na uche na A. villosum volatiles n'etiti L. sativa na L. perenne.Ogige ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na mmanụ dị mkpa nke otu ụdị nwere ike ịdịgasị iche iche na / ma ọ bụ qualitatively n'ihi ọnọdụ uto, akụkụ osisi na ụzọ nchọpụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu akụkọ gosipụtara na pyranoid (10.3%) na β-caryophyllene (6.6%) bụ ogige ndị bụ isi nke ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-esi na epupụta nke Sambucus nigra, ebe benzaldehyde (17.8%), α-bulnesene (16.6%) na tetracosane. (11.5%) nwere ụbara mmanụ a na-amịpụta n'akwụkwọ.50]. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe anyị, ogige ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ihe ọkụkụ ọhụrụ ahụ wepụtara nwere mmetụta alleopathic siri ike na osisi ule karịa mmanụ ndị a na-amịpụta, ọdịiche dị na nzaghachi nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọdịiche dị na allelochemicals dị na nkwadebe abụọ ahụ. Ọ dị mkpa ka enyochakwuo ọdịiche dị n'etiti ogige ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na mmanụ na nyocha ndị ọzọ.Ọdịiche dị na ụdị microbial dị iche iche na nhazi obodo microbial na nlele ala nke agbakwunyere mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe metụtara asọmpi n'etiti microorganisms yana mmetụta ọ bụla na-egbu egbu na ogologo oge mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ala. Vokou na Liotiri [51] chọpụtara na n'otu n'otu ngwa nke anọ dị mkpa mmanụ (0.1 ml) na-akọ ala (150 g) arụ ọrụ respiration nke ala samples, ọbụna mmanụ dị iche iche na ha chemical mejupụtara, na-atụ aro na osisi mmanụ na-eji dị ka a carbon na ike isi iyi site na. na-eme ala microorganisms. Data enwetara site na ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a kwadoro na mmanụ sitere na osisi dum nke A. villosum nyere aka na mmụba doro anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị fungal nke ala site na ụbọchị 14 mgbe agbakwunyere mmanụ, na-egosi na mmanụ nwere ike inye ikuku carbon maka ihe ndị ọzọ. ala fungi. Nnyocha ọzọ kọrọ otu nchoputa: microorganisms ala na-enwetaghachi ọrụ mbụ ha na biomass mgbe obere oge nke mgbanwe kpatara site na mgbakwunye nke Thymbra capitata L. (Cav) mmanụ, mana mmanụ na nke kachasị elu (0.93 µL mmanụ kwa gram ala) ekweghi ka microorganisms ala nwetaghachi ọrụ mbụ [52]. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a, dabere na nyocha microbiological nke ala mgbe a gwọchara ya ụbọchị dị iche iche na ntinye uche, anyị na-eche na obodo nje bacteria ga-agbake mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gasịrị. N'ụzọ dị iche, microbiota fungal enweghị ike ịlaghachi n'ọnọdụ mbụ ya. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-akwado echiche a: mmetụta dị iche iche nke itinye uche dị elu nke mmanụ na ngwakọta nke ala fungal microbiome bụ nke ekpughere site na nyocha nke isi ngalaba nhazi (PCoA), na ngosipụta heatmap gosipụtara ọzọ na ihe mejupụtara obodo fungal nke ala. ejiri mmanụ 3.0 mg/mL (ya bụ 0.375 mg mmanụ kwa gram ala) na ọkwa dị iche iche dị iche na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha banyere mmetụta nke mgbakwunye monoterpene hydrocarbons ma ọ bụ oxygenated monoterpenes na ala dị iche iche microbial na nhazi obodo ka dị ụkọ. Nnyocha ole na ole kọrọ na α-pinene mụbara ọrụ microbial nke ala yana ụbara Methylophilaceae (otu methylotrophs, Proteobacteria) n'okpuru mmiri dị ala, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa dị ka isi iyi carbon na ala kpọrọ nkụ.53]. N'otu aka ahụ, mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke A. villosum dum osisi, nwere 15.03% α-pinene (Tebụl mgbakwunye S1), O doro anya na ọ mụbara ụbara Proteobacteria na 1.5 mg/mL na 3.0 mg/mL, nke tụrụ aro na α-pinene nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta carbon maka microorganisms ala.Ogige ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-emepụta site na akụkụ dị iche iche nke A. villosum nwere ogo dị iche iche nke mmetụta allelopathic na L. sativa na L. perenne, bụ nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe ndị mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke akụkụ A. villosum osisi dị. Ọ bụ ezie na a kwadoro ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ogige ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke A. villosum wepụtara na ụlọ okpomọkụ amaghị, nke chọrọ nyocha ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, mmetụta synergistic dị n'etiti allelochemicals dị iche iche kwesịkwara ịtụle. N'ihe banyere microorganisms ala, inyocha mmetụta nke mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na microorganisms ala nke ọma, anyị ka kwesịrị ime nyocha miri emi karị: ịgbatị oge ọgwụgwọ mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ghọta ọdịiche dị na ngwakọta kemịkal nke mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ala. n'ụbọchị dị iche iche. -
Mmanụ artemisia capillaris dị ọcha maka kandụl na ncha na-eme ka diffuser n'ogbe dị mkpa mmanụ dị ọhụrụ maka ndị na-ere ọkụ ahịhịa amị.
Nlere anya nke rodent
E kewara anụmanụ ndị ahụ na-enweghị usoro ụzọ ise nke oke iri na ise. Ejikọtara ndị njikwa na ụdị oke okemmanụ sesamemaka ụbọchị 6. E jiri mbadamba bifendate (BT, 10 mg/kg) were kpuchie ụmụ oke na-ahụ maka njikwa dị mma maka ụbọchị 6. A na-emeso ndị otu nnwale ahụ na 100 mg / kg na 50 mg / kg AEO gbazere na mmanụ sesame maka ụbọchị 6. N'ụbọchị 6, a na-eji mmanụ sesame na-ahụ maka njikwa ahụ, na ndị ọzọ niile na-eji otu dose nke 0.2% CCl4 na mmanụ sesame (10 ml / kg) site na ya.injection intraperitoneal. A na-ebukwa ọnụ oke ndị ahụ n'enweghị mmiri, a na-anakọtakwa ọbara n'ime arịa retrobulbar; A na-etinye ọbara achịkọtara na 3000 ×gmaka 10 min iji kewaa serum.Mgbapụ nke cervicale mere ozugbo e wepụrụ ọbara, e wepụrụ ihe nlele imeju ngwa ngwa. A na-echekwa otu akụkụ nke imeju ozugbo na -20 Celsius C ruo mgbe nyochachara, ma wepụ akụkụ ọzọ ma dozie ya na 10%formalinngwọta; A na-echekwa anụ ahụ ndị fọdụrụ na -80 Celsius maka nyocha histopathological.Wang et al., 2008,Hsu et al., 2009,Nie et al., 2015).
Ntụle paramita biochemical na serum
A na-enyocha mmerụ ahụ imeju site n'ịtụle ihe ahụọrụ enzymaticnke serum ALT na AST na-eji ngwa azụmahịa dabara adaba dịka ntuziaka maka ngwa (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China). E gosipụtara ọrụ enzymatic dị ka nkeji kwa liter (U / l).
Ntụle nke MDA, SOD, GSH na GSH-Pxna imeju homogenate
A na-ejikọta anụ ahụ imeju na saline physiological oyi na nha 1: 9 (w / v, imeju: saline). Ndị homogenates bụ centrifuged (2500 ×gmaka 10 min) iji nakọta ndị isi maka mkpebi ndị na-esote. A na-enyocha mmebi imeju dabere na nha imeju nke ọkwa MDA na GSH yana SOD na GSH-P.xihe omume. Ekpebiri ihe ndị a niile na-eso ntuziaka dị na ngwa ahụ (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China). E gosipụtara nsonaazụ maka MDA na GSH dị ka protein nmol kwa mg (nmol / mg prot), yana ọrụ SOD na GSH-P.xE gosipụtara ya dị ka protein U kwa mg (U/mg prot).
Histopathological analysis
A na-edozi akụkụ nke imeju enwetara ọhụrụ na 10% echekwabaraparaformaldehydengwọta phosphate. A na-etinye ihe nlele ahụ na paraffin, bee n'ime akụkụ 3-5 μm, nke nwere ntụpọ.hematoxylinnaeosin(H&E) dị ka usoro ọkọlọtọ si dị, n'ikpeazụ wee nyochaa yaobere microscope(Tian et al., 2012).
Nyocha ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ
Ekwuputara nsonaazụ ya dị ka ihe pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ (SD). A tụlere nsonaazụ ya site na iji mmemme mgbakọ na mwepụ SPSS Statistics, ụdị 19.0. Edebere data ahụ na nyocha nke ọdịiche (ANOVA,p<0.05) sochiri ule Dunnett na ule Dunnett T3 iji chọpụta ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị n'etiti ụkpụrụ nke otu nnwale dị iche iche. A na-atụle ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na ọkwa nkep<0.05.
Nsonazụ na mkparịta ụka
Ihe mejupụtara nke AEO
Na nyocha GC/MS, achọpụtara na AEO nwere ihe mejupụtara 25 gbapụrụ site na 10 ruo 35 min, na ihe mejupụtara 21 na-aza 84% nke mmanụ dị mkpa ka amapụtara.Tebụl 1). Mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe dịmonoterpenoids(80.9%), sesquiterpenoids (9.5%), hydrocarbons enweghị alaka (4.86%) na acetylene dị iche iche (4.86%). Tụnyere ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ (Guo et al., 2004), anyị hụrụ ọtụtụ monoterpenoids (80.90%) na AEO. Nsonaazụ gosiri na ihe kachasị nke AEO bụ β-citronellol (16.23%). Akụkụ ndị ọzọ bụ isi nke AEO gụnyere 1,8-cineole (13.9%),camphor(12.59%),linalool(11.33%), α-pinene (7.21%), β-pinene (3.99%),thymol(3.22%) namyrcene(2.02%). Ọdịiche dị na kemịkalụ ahụ nwere ike jikọta ya na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke osisi ahụ gosipụtara, dị ka mmiri ịnweta mmiri, ìhè anyanwụ, ogbo nke mmepe naoriri na-edozi ahụ.
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Saposhnikovia divaricata mmanụ dị ọcha maka kandụl na ncha na-eme ka nnukwu diffuser mmanụ dị ọhụrụ maka ndị na-ere ọkụ ahịhịa amị.
2.1. Nkwadebe nke SDE
A zụrụ rhizomes nke SD dị ka ahịhịa a mịrị amị sitere na Hanherb Co. (Guri, Korea). Dokta Go-Ya Choi nke Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) kwadoro akụrụngwa osisi ahụ n'ụzọ taxonomically. Edebere akwụkwọ ikike (nọmba 2014 SDE-6) na Korea Herbarium nke Standard Herbal Resources. A na-ewepụta rhizomes akpọnwụ nke SD (320 g) ugboro abụọ na ethanol 70% (ya na 2 h reflux) wee tinyezie ihe ahụ n'okpuru nrụgide belatara. A na-enyocha decoction ahụ, lyophilized ma chekwaa ya na 4 Celsius. Mkpụrụ nke mịrị amị sitere na ihe mmalite crude bụ 48.13% (w/w).
2.2. Ntụle Chromatography Liquid Liquid High-Performance (HPLC).
Emere nyocha chromatographic site na sistemụ HPLC (Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA) yana ihe nchọta fotodiode array. Maka nyocha HPLC nke SDE, prim-OA zụrụ ọkọlọtọ glucosylcimifugin n'aka Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry (Gyeongsan, Korea), nankeji-OGlucosylhamaudol na 4'-O-βD-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime ụlọ nyocha anyị wee chọpụta ya site na nleba anya, nke bụ isi site na NMR na MS.
A na-agbaze ihe nlele SDE (0.1 mg) na 70% ethanol (10 ml). Ejiri kọlụm XSelect HSS T3 C18 mee nkewa nke chromatographic (4.6 × 250 mm, 5).μm, Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA). Usoro mkpanaka gụnyere acetonitrile (A) na 0.1% acetic acid n'ime mmiri (B) na ọsọ ọsọ nke 1.0 ml / min. A na-eji usoro gradient multistep mee ihe dị ka ndị a: 5% A (0 min), 5-20% A (0-10 min), 20% A (10-23 min), na 20-65% A (23-40 min). ). A na-enyocha ogologo ogologo oge nchọpụta ahụ na 210-400 nm wee dekọọ na 254 nm. Olu injection bụ 10.0μL. A kwadoro ngwọta ọkọlọtọ maka mkpebi nke chromone atọ na njedebe ikpeazụ nke 7.781 mg / ml (prim-OGlucosylcimifugin), 31.125 mg/mL (4 ′-O-βD-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol), na 31.125 mg / ml (nkeji-O-glucosylhamaudol) na methanol ma debe ya na 4 Celsius.
2.3. Nyochaa Ọrụ Mgbochi ỌrịaNa Vitro
2.3.1. Omenala Cell na Nlereanya Ọgwụgwọ
E nwetara mkpụrụ ndụ RAW 264.7 site na mkpokọta Ụdị Omenala America (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) wee tolite na DMEM ọkara nwere 1% ọgwụ nje na 5.5% FBS. A na-etinye mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime ikuku iru mmiri nke 5% CO2 na 37 Celsius. Iji kpalie mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ, a na-eji DMEM dị ọhụrụ dochie usoro ahụ, na lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) na 1.μagbakwunyere g/mL na ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị SDE (200 ma ọ bụ 400μg/ml) maka awa 24 ọzọ.
2.3.2. Mkpebi nke nitric oxide (NO), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α), na Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Mmepụta
Ejiri SDE gwọọ sel ma kpalie ya na LPS maka awa 24. Ọ dịghị mmepụta e nyochara site n'ịtụ nitrite iji Griess reagent dị ka ọmụmụ gara aga [12]. Nzuzo nke cytokines mkpali PGE2, TNF-α, na IL-6 kpebisiri ike site na iji ngwa ELISA (Sistemụ R&D) dịka ntuziaka ndị nrụpụta si dị. Achọpụtara mmetụta nke SDE na NO na mmepụta cytokine na 540 nm ma ọ bụ 450 nm site na iji Wallac EnVision.™onye na-agụ microplate (PerkinElmer).
2.4. Nyocha nke Ọrụ AntiosteoarthritisNa Vivo
2.4.1. Ụmụ anụmanụ
A zụrụ ụmụ oke Sprague-Dawley (izu asaa) n'aka Samtako Inc. (Osan, Korea) ma nọrọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ a na-achịkwa ya na ọkụ 12-h / ọchịchịrị okirikiri.Celsius C na% iru mmiri. Enyere oke nri ụlọ nyocha na mmiriad libitum. Emere usoro nnwale niile na nrube isi nke National Institutes of Health (NIH) ma kwadoro site na Kọmitii Nlekọta Animal na Jiri nke mahadum Daejeon (Daejeon, Republic of Korea).
2.4.2. Ntinye OA na MIA na oke
A na-ekewa anụmanụ ndị ahụ ma kenye ya n'òtù ọgwụgwọ tupu mmalite nke ọmụmụ (kwa otu). MIA ngwọta (3 mg/50μL nke 0.9% saline) ka etinyere ya ozugbo n'ime oghere intra-articular nke ikpere aka nri n'okpuru anesthesia nke sitere na ngwakọta ketamine na xylazine. E kewara oke oke n'ime otu anọ: (1) otu saline na-enweghị mmịnye MIA, (2) otu MIA nwere ntụtụ MIA, (3) otu SDE na-agwọ (200 mg/kg) na ịgba ọgwụ MIA, na (4) ) ndị indomethacin- (IM-) a na-agwọ (2 mg/kg) nwere ntụtụ MIA. A na-eji ọnụ SDE na IM 1 nye oke oke tupu ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi MIA maka izu anọ. Usoro nke SDE na IM ejiri mee ihe n'ọmụmụ ihe a dabeere na ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na ọmụmụ ihe gara aga [10,13,14].
2.4.3. Nleta nke nkesa na-ebu ibu Hindpaw
Mgbe ntinye OA gasịrị, nguzozi izizi na ike ibu nke hindpaws kwụsịrị. A na-eji ihe nleba anya enweghị ike (Linton instrumentation, Norfolk, UK) iji nyochaa mgbanwe na nnabata ibu ibu. Ejiri nlezianya tinye oke n'ime ụlọ a na-atụ ihe. A na-agbakọ ike ibu arọ site n'akụkụ aka azụ n'ime ihe karịrị nkeji 3. A na-agbakọ oke nkesa arọ site na ngụkọ ndị a: [ịdị arọ n'akụkụ aka nri aka nri/( arọ na ụkwụ aka nri aka nri + arọ na ụkwụ aka ekpe)] × 100 [15].
2.4.4. Ntụle nke Serum Cytokine Ọkwa
A na-ekpuchi ihe nlele ọbara na 1,500 g maka 10 min na 4 ° C; Mgbe ahụ, a na-anakọta serum ma chekwaa ya na -70 Celsius C ruo mgbe ejiri ya. Ọnụ ego nke IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, na PGE2 na serum ka a tụrụ ya site na iji ngwa ELISA sitere na R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) dịka ntuziaka ndị nrụpụta si dị.
2.4.5. Ọnụ ọgụgụ RT-PCR nke ezigbo oge
A na-ewepụta mkpokọta RNA site na anụ ahụ nkwonkwo ikpere site na iji TRI reagent® (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), tụgharịa-sụgharịa ya na cDNA na PCR-amụbawanye site na iji ngwa TM One Step RT PCR nwere SYBR green (Applied Biosystems). , Grand Island, NY, USA). Emere PCR ezigbo oge site na iji sistemu Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR (Applied Biosystems, Grand Island, NY, USA). E gosipụtara usoro izizi na usoro nyocha na Tebụlụ1. Agbakwunyere Aliquots nke cDNA sample na nha nha nke GAPDH cDNA site na ngwakọta TaqMan® Universal PCR nwere DNA polymerase dịka ntuziaka ndị nrụpụta si dị (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA, USA). Ọnọdụ PCR bụ 2 min na 50 Celsius C, 10 min na 94 Celsius C, 15 s na 95 Celsius C, yana 1 min na 60 Celsius C maka okirikiri 40. Achọpụtara mkpokọta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nlebara anya site na iji ntụnyere Ct (ọnụọgụ okirikiri ụzọ n'ụzọ dị n'etiti atụmatụ nkwalite na ọnụ ụzọ), dịka ntuziaka ndị nrụpụta siri dị.
